The current physical activity guidelines undervalue vigorous activity. Vigorous activity may be 4–9× more potent than moderate activity for reducing all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer risk. The exercise guidelines assume a 2:1 ratio between moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity: two minutes of moderate activity equals one minute of vigorous. That's why the recommendations are 150–300 minutes of moderate or 75–150 minutes of vigorous activity each week. But new data suggest that ratio is wrong. In this brand-new journal-club episode, Brady Holmer (@Brady_H) and I unpack a groundbreaking study that should change how we think about activity for disease prevention. The research identified that 1 minute of vigorous activity is roughly equivalent to 4–9 minutes of moderate activity, and 53–94 minutes of light activity, for disease risk reduction. It also shows a clear dose-response for vigorous activity that’s much weaker for moderate activity and barely detectable for light activity. We also do a deep dive into why vigorous activity is so powerful, the underlying mechanisms, and discuss practical takeaways, including how even very brief bouts of vigorous movement (think “exercise snacks”) can produce meaningful health benefits. Timestamps are below. You can find links to the episode on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, and Spotify in the next post. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:14 - The 1:2 rule for exercise 6:28 - What counts as vigorous? 8:48 - Where exercise guidelines fail 9:32 - Inside the wearable-based study design 15:24 - Vigorous activity—easier than you think? 18:01 - Avoiding healthy user bias 19:12 - A better way to measure exercise 20:58 - Is vigorous 4–10x better? 25:08 - One vigorous min vs. one-hour walk 27:15 - Are light activity's benefits capped? 29:03 - Is vigorous 5x better for your heart? 30:12 - Does zone 2 count as vigorous? 31:24 - Dose-response comparison 32:35 - Vigorous exercise & younger arteries 38:29 - Why aging hearts need intensity 41:22 - Can intensity preserve VO₂ max? 42:40 - Moderate exercise & VO₂ max limits 44:34 - Is vigorous 10x better for diabetes? 51:01 - Why intensity boosts mitochondria 56:11 - Does intense exercise kill tumor cells? 1:02:28 - Hormonal benefits 1:03:19 - Preventing falls with intensity 1:07:49 - Fighting inflammation 1:09:42 - High-intensity training & brain aging 1:11:14 - The 2:1 ratio is out the door 1:13:03 - Could vigorous exercise become a pill? 1:14:21 - Short bursts for longer life 1:18:28 - Can short bouts match full workouts? 1:22:39 - Do wearables undervalue vigorous bursts? 1:25:19 - Can micro-workouts replace the gym? 1:30:23 - Updating exercise guidelines 1:41:48 - Is light activity useless? 1:44:17 - Is vigorous exercise safe for seniors? 1:48:41 - Is HIIT harmful to female hormones? 1:54:18 - Balancing intensity & recovery (80/20 rule) 1:56:43 - Brady’s exercise routine 2:00:30 - Vigorous activity & kids’ brainpower 2:03:27 - Are we undervaluing vigorous exercise? 2:05:16 - Why chasing steps doesn't work

Listen to this episode on: YouTube: Spotify: Apple: Show notes: