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Real-time consumer finance appchain structure based on sub-3ms latency and parallel execution
@risechain , @megaeth , @MorphNetwork
Blockchain-based financial systems have long evolved around batch processing and post-settlement, and this structure has an inherent gap with the immediate responsiveness required in everyday consumer finance environments. The research on real-time consumer finance appchains addresses this gap by establishing a pEVM structure with sub-3ms latency and parallel execution as core constraints, reconstructing blockchain into an interactive financial infrastructure. RISE Chain, MegaETH, and Morph, discussed in this research, approach the same goal through different design choices, transitioning the existing block-based processing model into a continuous and responsive execution model.
Consumer finance applications operate in environments where users expect immediate feedback the moment they touch the screen, characterized by low transaction fees and high transaction frequency. In existing blockchain structures, execution delays, fee volatility, and finality waiting times have conflicted with these demands. This research distinguishes between perceived latency, execution latency, settlement finality, and rollback processing methods as problems at different levels, explaining the technical conditions necessary to maintain a non-custodial structure while ensuring real-time interaction. Unlike centralized payment services that provide immediacy through optimistic UI and post-settlement, blockchains cannot adopt this approach directly, necessitating a redesign of the execution layer itself.
Achieving sub-3ms latency required structural changes across the entire stack rather than optimization of individual components. RISE Chain eliminates the concept of blocks and introduces a continuously processed Shreds architecture, providing a responsive execution environment through variable processing units ranging from 1ms to 20ms. This defines L2 as a continuously operating processing system rather than a discrete block generator. MegaETH reduced latency while maintaining compatibility with the existing ecosystem through a dual structure that parallels mini-blocks at 10ms intervals with EVM blocks at 1-second intervals. Morph focused on improving the perceived speed of financial transactions while maintaining a block time of about 1 second by designing paths optimized for payment flows rather than absolute execution speed.
In such ultra-low latency environments, parallel execution is essential, and pEVM operates as the key technology enabling this. RISE Chain applies Block-STM-based optimistic parallelization to the EVM environment, executing transactions simultaneously, detecting conflicts, and re-executing when necessary. It features a delayed update method for common contention points like gas payments or ETH transfers, reducing unnecessary dependencies. MegaETH concentrates parallel execution on high-spec sequencer nodes while lightweight nodes focus on validation, adopting a node specialization strategy that separates the roles of network participants. Morph emphasizes decentralization and payment stability through a structure where multiple sequencers determine transaction order based on consensus rather than parallel execution.
This execution model directly impacts smart contract design and fee structures. Parallelism varies according to state access patterns, and when contention occurs, performance degrades, necessitating designs that consider parallel execution. In parallel environments, competitive states and non-determinism issues that do not manifest in sequential execution can arise, and tools and operational models to manage these have evolved alongside.
Real-time consumer finance use cases demonstrate how these technical choices are actually utilized. Morph provides a structure suitable for processing large volumes of small payments through stablecoin payments and wallet integration, while RISE Chain supports exchanges, prediction markets, and high-frequency financial activities through gas sponsorship and ultra-short pre-confirmation. MegaETH enables the implementation of interactive financial logic, such as immediate credit limit adjustments, based on real-time state streaming. All these cases share common execution requirements of response times under 100ms, minimal transaction costs, and immediate transaction confirmations.
These demands have facilitated the design of dedicated appchains rather than general-purpose L2s. RISE Chain constructs a chain-native wallet stack through account abstraction based on EIP-7702 and Porto smart accounts, providing passkey authentication and session management as core features. Morph builds a store-friendly payment environment through a modular structure that separates payment processing from general operations. MegaETH adopts a model that utilizes USDm stablecoin revenue for sequencer operating costs, keeping fees at cost levels. This design provides an execution environment optimized for specific financial actions and a consistent user experience.
Ultra-low latency and parallel execution also bring new failure patterns. RISE Chain's optimistic execution induces performance degradation in highly contended states, naturally creating economic incentives for designs that reduce contention. In MegaETH's node specialization structure, participants may observe different state points, and Morph makes incorrect state transitions verifiable through an RVP structure that requires sequencers to submit ZK proofs within a certain period. This structure presupposes an environment where immediate execution and delayed verification coexist.
As speeds increase, threats such as MEV and resource exhaustion attacks also amplify. RISE Chain distributes MEV opportunities through foundational sequencing, while Morph secures fairness in transaction ordering through a decentralized sequencer network. In high-speed systems, governance decisions also directly impact execution performance, and MegaETH and Morph manage these decisions either in a distributed or centralized manner in different ways.
The three projects included in this research are summarized as complementary cases to meet different real-time financial needs rather than as competitors. RISE Chain focuses on ultra-low latency market execution, MegaETH on large-scale parallel processing and computation-intensive environments, and Morph on consumer payment rails. Together, they present the standards for real-time finance appchains through an integrated structure of execution layer, sequencing layer, finality layer, application layer, and economic layer.
Sub-3ms latency and pEVM-based parallel execution function as a technical turning point that transitions blockchain from a batch settlement system to a real-time financial foundation. This transition is not merely a performance enhancement but a process where execution models, security structures, and economic designs are restructured together, demonstrating that real-time consumer finance appchains are already being implemented as concrete systems.



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