There is also a huge amount of waste in engineering, in cargo cult engineering in big companies and organizations like NASA. Thousands of engineers running around writing and reading requirements and such that have no value added. I used to have a standard talk I gave on that at places like INCOSE (The International Council on Systems Engineering). Every field of human endeavor develops cargo cults except in highly competitive private sector industries in which companies that waste time and effort are stomped out of existence by the competition.