Here's my take on Vitalik's "World Heartbeat" thing. It's the right move, but for the wrong reasons. Ethereum SHOULD be settlement infra. That's literally its best usecase but framing 2-4 sec blocks as a choice is stretching it. Current blocks are still ~12s and he admits further speedups face real physics/decentralization limits. They're finally admitting that L2s are the scaling answer and leaning into it and stop pretending L1 can serve everyone. What's concerning is this only works if L2s stay connected to mainnet security. The minute they go full independent, Ethereum becomes expensive settlement nobody uses. The bandwidth focus is underrated though. More throughput for data > shaving off milliseconds in consensus. PeerDAS already boosting capacity 8x but remember users wanted lower fees + faster txs. L1 fees did drop to ~$0.20 (big improvement), but the real speed and affordability, that's all because of L2s.