With age, one critical signal drops: oxytocin. Another rises: TGF-beta. The Conboy lab at @UCBerkeley asked what happens if you restore the first and suppress the second. In 25-month-old male mice (roughly 75 human years): 73% longer remaining lifespan, 14% total extension. Nearly 3x less likely to die at any point. Strength, endurance, memory all improved. Blood proteins shifted younger. This lab pioneered parabiosis research. Young blood rejuvenates old tissue. This study is the pharmacological version: recalibrate the signals that drift with age, without the young blood. But it only worked in males. Females had the same molecular response at 7 days, then lost it by 4 months. No lasting benefit. The reason is unknown. Small study, 26 males. The specific ALK5 inhibitor isn't a clinical compound. But oxytocin is already FDA-approved, and clinical ALK5 inhibitors (Vactosertib) are in Phase II trials. Young blood was the proof of concept. These two drugs are the translation attempt.