#光通讯 #光模块 A recent note from Needham analysts states: Google's TPU architecture will not adopt CPO. There are currently three popular optical interconnect solutions for AI networks: 1️⃣ Pluggable optics This is the mainstream solution now. Insert the optical module into the switch to connect the fiber. Currently mainly 400G, 800G, 1.6T (starting mass production) 2️⃣ CPO (Co-Packaged Optics) The optical engine is directly "packaged" next to the switch chip. Advantages: low power consumption, low latency, high bandwidth density Disadvantages: difficult maintenance, high cost, complex technology 3️⃣ Linear Pluggable Optics (LPO) This is a compromise between the two, retaining pluggability while removing the DSP chip. In the current technology choices of major manufacturers, over 90% of AI data centers today still use pluggable optical modules. Ease of installation, maintainability, and operational costs remain the main considerations for all companies. If the CPO fails, the entire switch must be replaced. For large-scale data centers like Google, this is a disaster. The biggest beneficiaries include: $AAOI $COHR $LITE and Zhongji Xuchuang Xinyi Sheng Innolight