NEW YORK IS DEAD LAST IN BUSINESS FRIENDLINESS, TAX COMPETITIVENESS, AND POPULATION RETENTION; A STATE IN STRUCTURAL DECLINE - New York ranks 50th (dead last) for business friendliness in the United States - New York ranks 49th in CEO surveys of best states for business - New York ranks 50th overall in state tax competitiveness - New York ranks 50th for individual income tax competitiveness - New York ranks 47th for property tax competitiveness - New York is the 2nd most regulated state in the country with over 300,000 regulatory restrictions - New York files more legislation than any state in the U.S., roughly five times the national average - New York ranks 4th highest for tort costs as a share of state GDP - New York ranks 50th in net domestic migration, losing more residents than any other state - New York ranks 50th in net migration income per capita, losing higher-income taxpayers fastest - New York ranks 49th in projected growth of prime working-age population - New York has lost nearly 10% of its prime working-age workforce since 2005 - New York is the 47th fastest-growing state over the past two decades - New York ranks 47th for housing-burdened households, with nearly 40% of residents spending over 30% of income on housing - New York is a top-10 most expensive state for housing - New York ranks 48th for workers’ compensation insurance costs - New York employers pay among the highest health insurance premiums in the nation - New York is the only state with a Scaffold Law that inflates construction insurance costs by 10% or more - New York ranks 50th (worst) for average commute time in the United States - New York ranks 42nd for bridges in poor condition - New York ranks 44th in energy production per capita - New York ranks 43rd–45th for residential and commercial electricity costs - New York ranks 44th in overall state economic performance - New York’s job growth over the past decade is far below the national average and a fraction of Florida and Texas Source: Blueprint for New York – Creating a Roadmap for Change (Public Policy Institute of New York, September 2025)