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Conor Deegan
cryptography x quantum - co-founder & VP engineering @ Project Eleven @qdayclock
Amazing to see.
@drakefjustin @corcoranwill @tcoratger and colleagues @leanEthereum consistently leading the hugely important PQ protocol work.
Exciting times.
Jan 24, 04:05
Today marks an inflection in the Ethereum Foundation's long-term quantum strategy.
We've formed a new Post Quantum (PQ) team, led by the brilliant Thomas Coratger (@tcoratger). Joining him is Emile, one of the world-class talents behind leanVM. leanVM is the cryptographic cornerstone of our entire post-quantum strategy.
After years of quiet R&D, EF management has officially declared PQ security a top strategic priority. Our journey began in 2019, with the "Eth3.0 Quantum Security" presentation at StarkWare Sessions. Since 2024, PQ has been central to the @leanEthereum vision. The pace of PQ engineering breakthroughs since then has been nothing short of phenomenal.
It's now 2026, timelines are accelerating. Time to go full PQ:
→ PQ ACD: Antonio Sanso (@asanso) kicks off a bi-weekly All Core Devs PQ transactions breakout call next month. These sessions focus on user-facing security, covering dedicated precompiles, account abstraction, and longer-term transaction signature aggregation with leanVM.
→ PQ foundations: Today we are announcing a $1M Poseidon Prize to harden the Poseidon hash function. We are betting big on hash-based cryptography to enjoy the strongest and leanest cryptographic foundations. Check out our other $1M PQ initiative, the Proximity Prize.
→ PQ devnets: Multi-client PQ consensus devnets are live! Shoutout to pioneers @zeamETH, @ReamLabs, @PierTwo_com, @geanclient, @ethlambda_lean, as well as established consensus teams Lighthouse, Grandine, and soon Prysm. This incredible teamwork is coordinated by @corcoranwill via weekly PQ interop calls.
→ PQ workshops: Building on last year's PQ workshop in Cambridge (see photo), the EF is hosting another 3-day PQ event in October. Top experts from around the world will convene. In addition, a PQ day is set for March 29 in Cannes just ahead of EthCC.
→ PQ FV and AI: Last week Alex Hicks (@alexanderlhicks) ran a specialised maths AI for 8 hours, at a $200 cost. It one-shotted a formal proof one of the hardest lemmas in the foundations of hash-based snarks. Mind-blowing. Applied cryptography will never be the same.
→ PQ roadmap: A comprehensive breakdown of the EF's proposed PQ strategy will be shared soon™ on pq[.]ethereum[.]org. The roadmap targets a full transition in coming years with zero loss of funds and zero downtime. Stay tuned :)
→ PQ education: The ZKPodcast (@zeroknowledgefm) is producing a 6-part video series on Ethereum's PQ strategy. EF Enterprise Acceleration is also preparing material for enterprises and nation-states. Finally, Ethereum is now represented on the PQ advisory board that Coinbase announced yesterday.
Believe in something. Believe in PQ security.
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There is a trade-off in post-quantum signature schemes that becomes obvious once you start reasoning about how they behave inside real systems.
Speed, signature size, and how conservative the underlying security assumptions are tend to pull against each other. You can usually do a reasonable job on two of these but you do not get all three at once.
I'm calling this "The Post-Quantum Signature Trilemma".
Thinking about post-quantum signatures as sitting inside a triangle makes the design space much easier to reason about. Different schemes are not better or worse in isolation. They are making different choices about which costs to pay and where those costs show up. Once you are explicit about that, it becomes easier to match a scheme to a system, rather than arguing abstractly about which one is "best".
I wrote this up in more detail below.
190
I'm proud of the work we did with @solana on post-quantum readiness.
We developed and deployed post-quantum signatures on a Solana testnet, ran a cryptographic audit focused on what a real PQ migration path could look like, and presented the impact quantum computing attacks will have on the network.
Every chain will have to do this work eventually.
Big shout out to @tamgros for facilitating the collaboration. More coming in 2026 from @qdayclock.
Report will be open sourced soon.
Dec 16, 2025
JUST IN: Solana Foundation takes a major step to prepare for the quantum computing era: post-quantum signatures on a Solana testnet ⚛️
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